Biologist Susan Sharbaugh, formerly of the Alaska Bird Observatory, once spoke about the strategies birds employ to survive in our season of darkness and cold. She talked about the flighty birds that split, and the hardy few that stay. I thought I knew something about birds, but she kept delivering facts that were new to me. Among them:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Arctic terns, those of the 25,000-mile annual migration from Antarctica to the Arctic and back, can live 35 years.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Northern wheatears spend their summers with muskoxen and their winters with zebras.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Blackpoll warblers fly from eastern Canada to South America without stopping.<\/p>\n
One of the many tools birds use to migrate \u2014 besides the metal bits in their heads that help them sense Earth\u2019s magnetism \u2014 is their ability to use infrasound. Infrasound consists of frequencies too low for us to hear. The aurora, volcanoes, underground nuclear detonations, and stormy seas emit infrasound waves. \u201cBirds flying over the Rockies can hear the surf of both the Atlantic and Pacific,\u201d Sharbaugh said.<\/p>\n
Sunlight can penetrate birds\u2019 skulls and help calibrate their internal clocks.<\/p>\n
Migrating birds are born with an internal compass and a direction in which they have an urge to fly. \u201cThat arctic warbler nestling is going to fly from Tangle Lakes to the Philippines by itself.\u201d<\/p>\n
Alaska blackcap chickadees are larger than the same species in the Lower 48. \u201cWe have Boone and Crockett chickadees,\u201d Sharbaugh said. \u201cChickadees here are about 12 grams; in Seattle they\u2019re 8 grams.\u201d<\/p>\n
Alaska chickadees have more feathers than Lower 48 chickadees.<\/p>\n
Unlike chickadees farther south, Alaska chickadees have a more elaborate feather structure, with \u201cextra little hooks that grasp together and hold more air.\u201d<\/p>\n
Chickadees need the caloric equivalent of about three peanuts to make it through a long winter night, during which they will shiver off the extra weight they gained during the day.<\/p>\n
Unlike chickadees, redpolls store birch and alder seeds and feeder seeds or sunflower chips in two pouches on their back, and digest them all night. \u201cThey have a lunch pail on their shoulders.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ptarmigan in winter eat woody twigs, just like moose, and digest the buds with the help of microbes in their gut. \u201cThe microbes get the meal, the bird gets a meal, everybody\u2019s happy.\u201d<\/p>\n
Male snow buntings are the first to appear each spring, heading north to compete for limited nesting spots in rock crevices. The females arrive later, when it\u2019s lighter and warmer.<\/p>\n
Bohemian waxwings and humans are two of the few creatures that have a certain enzyme in their livers to metabolize alcohol. Waxwings need it for digesting fermented berries from ornamental trees, a major food source in winter.<\/p>\n
If white spruce cones and seeds are plentiful, a mother white-winged crossbill might decide to have chicks in midwinter, and will sit on eggs within an insulated nest at 30 below in February. Fathers feed them so they don\u2019t have to get up. \u201cWith enough food, anything\u2019s possible.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u2022 Since the late 1970s, the University of Alaska Fairbanks\u2019 Geophysical Institute has provided this column free in cooperation with the UAF research community. Ned Rozell is a science writer for the Geophysical Institute. He is taking a break for the month of November 2016 to finish a writing project. Fresh columns will reappear starting December 1. This column first appeared in 2008.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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